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Damascus

Date: 1883

Caption: "Bok Singing Tower, Lake Wales -- Florida, June 26, 1934." View of the Bok Singing Tower in the Bok Tower Gardens, a 250-acre contemplative garden and bird sanctuary dedicated in 1929. The 205-foot-tall tower, designed by architect Milton B. Medary, was completed by February 1929. It features Gothic Revival and Art Deco detailing. A 60-bell carillon can be played by a clavier (keyboard) in the bell chamber.

Date: 6/26/1934

Hand-drawn sketch map of Cañadas or San Julian boundaries. Volume 2, page 26.

Date: 1841

Correspondence from S. H. Thompson to Martha A. Chickering regarding Federal government responsibility for cost of public assistance; see Response to Correspondence on County Responsibility for Enemy Alien Program (F3729_49_002a)

Date: March 2, 1942

Sarsaparilla and Iron Works

Date: 1887

Memorandum from C. J. Carey to Warren Olney regarding Japanese within various divisions of the agricultural industry; see Memorandum for Mr. C. J. Carey (R177_089_183-4_004a-R177_089_183-4_004c)

Date: February 18, 1942

Correspondence from Edw. L. Fountain to Earl Warren regarding support for constitutional amendment to bar aliens from State employment

Date: February 4, 1944

A Transcript of Appeal is the official written record of a trial, used by a higher court to review the lower court's proceedings. Ellen Van Valkenburg began an important legal battle for women’s enfranchisement in California on July 21, 1871, when she requested that Santa Cruz County Clerk Albert Brown enter her name in the Great Register of voters. After Brown (a willing accomplice in helping her bring the case to court) refused to register her, Van Valkenburg and her lawyer, Santa Cruz Judge Albert Hagan, began legal proceedings by requesting a writ of mandamus, a judicial remedy used to compel agencies to perform ministerial acts, such as registering voters. Van Valkenburg and Hagan argued her case by citing the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The new amendment, ratified 3 years earlier in 1868, defined all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. as citizens protected by civil rights. Van Valkenburg and Hagan asserted that American women were considered citizens under this amendment, and that citizenship automatically granted absolute rights, including the right to vote. The case first went to California’s Third District Court. Many of America’s most prominent suffragists, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, were with Van Valkenburg in Santa Cruz when the lower court ruled against her on August 16, 1871. Van Valkenburg and Hagan swiftly appealed this decision through the Supreme Court of California. In the end, the Supreme Court of California upheld the lower court’s verdict under the reasoning that as a white American woman, Van Valkenburg already had citizenship and civil rights prior to the passage of the 14th amendment, and that the 14th amendment did not provide her with any additional political rights, such as the right to vote. While Van Valkenburg lost her case, and subsequent lawsuits failed to secure women's suffrage nationwide, the case stands as a critical early example of legal advocacy for women's political rights in California.

Date: September 23, 1871

Purity

Date: 1882

Caption: "Jones's [sic] Beach Tower, New York. Aug. 26 1934." The large tower in the center of this photograph was a 188-foot-tall water tower in Jones Beach, built in 1930 in imitation of the Italianate-style bell tower of St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy. The Long Island State Park Commission began to develop what is now the Jones Beach area for a park in the 1920s, dredging enough sand to connect several of the barrier islands south of Long Island and raising the elevation of the islands by fourteen feet to create one large park. It opened to the public in 1929. It is now a state park, with an estimated six million visitors each year.

Date: 8/26/1934